Paradoks representasi kiai dan politik gender dalam novel Indonesiamasa reformasi
Main Article Content
Abstract
This article aims to explain the paradox of the representation of the kiai (Islamic scholar/cleric) in Indonesian novels during the Reformation era, particularly in relation to gender politics. The 1998 Reformation not only shifted the national political configuration but also influenced the legitimacy of religious authority, including the regulation of women's bodies and agency. This study employs a qualitative approach through critical textual analysis of four novels: Perempuan Berkalung Sorban, Ayat-Ayat Cinta, Negeri 5 Menara, and Kiai Tanpa Pesantren. The theoretical framework utilizes Stuart Hall’s theory of representation, specifically the encoding–decoding model, to examine hegemonic, negotiated, and oppositional positions of meaning within the construction of the kiaifigure. The results indicate that the kiaiis paradoxically represented as both a moral protector of women and a symbolic agent maintaining hierarchical gender structures. Post-Reformation social transformation has not dissolved religious authority but rather encouraged it to adapt into more moderate, disciplinary, or charismatic-cultural forms. This paradox underscores that literature functions as a symbolic arena where the relations between religion and gender are simultaneously produced, maintained, and contested within contemporary Indonesian Muslim society.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Every work in Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a CC BY-SA 4.0 DEED Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 Internationalthat allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
References
Dhofier, Z. (1982). Tradisi pesantren. LP3ES.
El Khalieqy, A. (2001). Perempuan berkalung sorban. Arti Bumi Intaran.
El Shirazy, H. E. (2004). Ayat-ayat cinta. Republika.
Erwin. (2024). Representasi gender dalam sastra Indonesia kontemporer. Begibung: Jurnal Kajian Sastra, 5(2), 134–148.
Fauzi, A. (2023). Krisis otoritas keagamaan dan sastra Indonesia kontemporer. Hayula: Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Islamic Studies, 7(2), 211–229.
Fuadi, A. (2009). Negeri 5 menara. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Halim, A. (2018). Pesantren dan pembentukan subjek Islam modern dalam novel Indonesia. Sasdaya: Gadjah Mada Journal of Humanities, 2(2), 145–160.
Hall, S. (1980). Encoding/decoding. In S. Hall, D. Hobson, A. Lowe, & P. Willis (Eds.), Culture, media, language (pp. 128–138). Hutchinson.
Hall, S. (Ed.). (1997). Representation: Cultural representations and signifying practices. Sage.
Hasbullah. (2019). Pesantren, gender, dan modernitas dalam sastra Indonesia. Lingua, 15(1), 77–90.
Heryanto, A. (2015). Muslim identities and popular culture in Indonesia. Indonesia and the Malay World, 43(126), 241–263.
Jati, W. R. (2021). Otoritas keagamaan dan transformasi budaya pesantren. Kawistara, 11(3), 325–337.
Mutia Sari, & Mardiansyah, D. (2024). Representasi gender di lingkungan pesantren dalam novel Dua Barista. Jurnal Sastra dan Pendidikan Bahasa, 8(1), 55–69.
Muzakki, A. (2011). Islam populer dan wacana gender dalam sastra Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, 14(2), 123–140.
Nisa, E. F. (2020). Muslim women, authority, and gender discourse in Indonesian literature. Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies, 58(2), 367–390.
Normuliati. (2025). Representasi tokoh perempuan dan tradisi dalam sastra pesantren. Jurnal Linguistik dan Sastra, 6(1), 22–37.
Nuruddin. (2020). Sastra Islam dan politik representasi gender. Jurnal Bahasa dan Seni, 48(1), 1–14.
Sa’adah, W., Rengganis, R., & Ahmadi, A. (2025). Nilai pendidikan gender dalam novel karya Abidah El Khalieqy. Alfabeta: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, 9(1), 45–60.
Umar, N. (2019). Perempuan dan kritik patriarki dalam sastra Islam Indonesia. Humaniora, 31(3), 291–303.
Wardani, E. (2022). Representasi otoritas agama dalam novel Indonesia pasca-Reformasi. Jurnal Poetika, 10(2), 181–195.
Wati, R. (2022). Relasi kuasa gender dalam novel berlatar pesantren. Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya, 5(1), 67–80.
Yusriyah, A. (2024). Representasi santri perempuan dalam novel Perempuan Berkalung Sorban. Socius: Jurnal Sosiologi Pendidikan Islam, 5(2), 89–103.