Pendidikan feminis dalam novel Putri Kalingga karya Wibawa Wibidharma Feminist education in Wibawa Wibidharma’s Putri Kalingga
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Published:
Feb 1, 2024
Keywords:
ancient mataram, equality, feminism, kalingga, shima
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Abstract
Putri Kalingga [Princess Kalingga] is one of the literary works that deals with feminist education issues, especially in the Ancient Mataram Era (7th century). The novel revolves around Shima, the daughter of the Kalingga Kingdom who received religious education at Sutha Vihara and martial arts at Kalingga Kingdom. This research aims to understand the educational process that Shima in studying Buddhism, and various kinds of knowledge and skills in playing with weapons. Qualitative feminist methods are used to analysed data from the novel Putri Kalingga by Wibawa Wibidharma (2022). The results showed that feminist education had been implemented in the Kingdom of Kalingga (7th century). There were two models of feminist education in the Kalingga Kingdom era, namely private education and education in dormitories (vihara). Private education was given by parents (rishi and mpu) to their daughters, which included various kinds of knowledge, using weapons and self-defense. In the dormitory, women were trained to become nuns, studying religion (Buddhism), law, leadership and trade, as well as self-defense. This education prepares women to play important roles in society.
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Wiyatmi, W., Sudiati, S., & Artanti, Y. (2024). Pendidikan feminis dalam novel Putri Kalingga karya Wibawa Wibidharma. Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pengajarannya, 7(Sp.Iss), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v7iSp.Iss.939
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Pramudawardhani, I., & Estiana, E. (2019). Perjuangan dan Pemikiran RA Kartini tentang Pendidikan Perempuan. Keraton: Journal of History Education and Culture, 1(1), 41–55. http://journal.univetbantara.ac.id/index.php/Keraton/article/view/322
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Ruthven, K. K. (1990). Feminist Literary Studies: an Introduction. Cambridge University Press.
Said, N. (2016). Politik Etis Kepahlawanan ra kartini: menguak spiritualisme kartini yang digelapkan. Palastren: Jurnal Studi Gender, 7(2), 345–368. https://journal.iainkudus.ac.id/index.php/Palastren/article/view/1022
Santiko, H. (2015). Dua Dinasti di Kerajaan Matarām Kuna: Tinjauan Prasasti Kalasan. Jurnal Sejarah dan Budaya, 7(2), 1–7. http://journal.um.ac.id/index.php/sejarah-dan-budaya/article/view/4741
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Sapardi, S. (2020). Pandangan Buddhisme tentang Peran Wanita. Jurnal Ilmiah Kampus: Sati Sampajanna, 11(1), 1–11. http://www.journal.stabn-sriwijaya.ac.id/SATI/article/view/311
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Shrewsbury, C. M. (1997). What is Feminist Pedagogy? Women’s Studies Quarterly, 25(1/2), 166–173. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40005427.
Suhartono, W. A. (2019) Perubahan Agama Budha Jawi Wisnu ke Agama Hindu di Mojokerto 1952-1967. Avatara: e-Journal Pendidikan Sejarah, 7(1), 1–9. https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/avatara/article/view/27420
Sukmono. (1981). Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 2. Kanisius.
Susanto, D. (2022). Pandangan Pengarang terhadap Perempuan dalam Cerpen Tahun 1950-1960-an Karya Pengarang Peranakan Tionghoa-Indonesia. Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pengajarannya, 5(4), 883–896. https://doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v5i4.526
Sutrisno, S. (2000). Kartini: Surat-Surat kepada Ny. RM Abendanon Mandri dan Suaminya. Djambatan.
Syafrizal, A. (2015). Sejarah Islam Nusantara. Islamuna, 2(2), 236–253. https://ejournal.iainmadura.ac.id/index.php/islamuna/article/view/664
Taylor, J. S. (1976). Raden Ajeng Kartini. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 1(3, Part 1), 639–661. https://doi.org/10.1086/493247
Taylor, J. G. (1989). Kartini in Her Historical Context. Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land-en Volkenkunde, (2/3de Afl), 295–307. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27864034
Tong, R. (2007). Feminist thought in Transition: Never a Dull Moment. The Social Science Journal, 44(1), 23–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2006.12.003
Wardani, A. K., & Geleuk, M. B. (2020). Ketidakadilan Gender pada Pernikahan dalam “Perempuan Patah Hati yang Kembali Menemukan Cinta Melalui Mimpi” Karya Eka Kurniawan. Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pengajarannya, 3(3), 229–242. https://doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v3i3.52
Wibidharma, W. (2022). Putri Kalingga. Garudawaca.
Wijaya, A., Harianto, J., & Wong, M. (2021). Kajian Agama Buddha tentang Perlindungan Perempuan. Dhammavicaya: Jurnal Pengkajian Dhamma, 4(2), 49–55. https://doi.org/10.47861/dv.v4i2.32
Wiyono, J., & Sunarto, S. (2016). Pemanfaatan Potensi Wilayah Semenanjung Muria Bagian Utara Kabupaten Jepara dengan Pendekatan Geoekologi. Jurnal Bumi Indonesia, 5(1), 1–11. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/223006-pemanfaatan-potensi-wilayah-semenanjung.pdf
Briskin, L., & Coulter, R. P. (1992). Introduction: Feminist Pedagogy: Challenging the Normative. Canadian Journal of Education, 17(3), 247–263. https://doi.org/10.2307/1495295
Damai, A. H. (2019). Toleransi Beragama pada Masa Mataram Kuna. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Bahasa dan Budaya IV, 24–28.
De Bauvoire, S. (1987). The second sex. Harmondsworth: Penguine.
Donovan, J. C. (Ed.). (2014). Feminist Literary Criticism: Explorations in Theory. University Press of Kentucky.
Eagleton, M. (Ed.). (2014). Feminist Literary Criticism. Routledge.
Fuadi, M. A. (2021). Kepemimpinan Perempuan: Peran Ratu Ageng Terhadap Pangeran Diponegoro dalam Perang Jawa 1825-1830. Buana Gender: Jurnal Studi Gender dan Anak, 6(2), 151–163. https://ejournal.uinsaid.ac.id/index.php/buana-gender/article/view/3500
Pross, R. (1981). Feminism from the Perspective of Buddhist Practice. Buddhist-Christian Studies, 73–82. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1390102
Hasjmy, (1977). 59 Tahun Aceh di Bawah Pemerintahan Ratu. Bulan Bintang
Hasim, M. (2009). Peta Potensi Keagamaan Masyarakat Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Analisa: Journal of Social Science and Religion, 16(1), 74–86. https://journal.blasemarang.id/index.php/analisa/article/view/60
Ismaya, E. A., & Romadlon, F. N. (2017). Strategi Membentuk Karakter Semangat Kebangsaan Anggota Ambalan Kyai Mojo dan Nyi Ageng Serang. Refleksi Edukatika: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan, 7(2), 140–144. https://doi.org/10.24176/re.v7i2.1224
Istari, R. (2004). Tokoh Wanita di Jawa Sekitar Abad VII -XIV Masehi. Berkala Arkeologi, 24(1), 47–55. https://doi.org/10.30883/jba.v24i1.893
Izaty, F., Mugiyono, M., & Herwansyah, H. (2021). Bhikkhuni and Gender Equality in the Vihara Dharmakirti Palembang. Al-Adyan: Journal of Religious Studies, 2(2), 172–179. https://ejournal.uinib.ac.id/jurnal/index.php/aladyan/article/view/3402
Jati, W. R. (2015). Wanita, Wani Ing Tata: Konstruksi Perempuan Jawa Dalam Studi Poskolonialisme. Jurnal Perempuan, 20(1), 82–95. https://doi.org/10.34309/jp.v20i1.53
Lasminah, P. (2007). Nyi Ageng Serang. Direktorat Nilai Sejarah.
Manicom, A. (1992). Feminist Pedagogy: Transformations, Standpoints, and Politics. Canadian Journal of Education, 17(3), 365–389. https://doi.org/10.2307/1495301.
Maretha, N. K. W. (2017). Pandita Mpu sebagai Representasi Simbol Kepanditaan pada Masyarakat Hindu di Kota Mataram. Ganeç Swara, 11(2), 1–6. https://unmasmataram.ac.id/wp/wp-content/uploads/1.Windi-Maretha.pdf
Moehadi, Surojo, A., Jamin, J., Pratitis K., T., Ngga, D., & Bahon, T. (1981). Sejarah Pendidikan Daerah Jawa Tengah. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
Muawanah, S. B., Ansoriyah, S., & Attas, S. G. (2023). The Citra Perempuan Ningrat dalam Novel Panggil Aku Kartini Saja Karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer: Kajian Simbolik Roland Barthes. Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya, 6(3), 723–738. https://doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v6i3.715
Muchtar, Y. (2010). Pendidikan Feminis bagi Perempuan Marginal: Sebuah Upaya Mempercepat Pencapaian Keadilan untuk Semua. Jurnal Perempuan, 66, 61–69.
Muthoifin, M., Ali, M., & Wachidah, N. (2017). Pemikiran Raden Ajeng Kartini tentang Pendidikan Perempuan dan Relevansinya Terhadap Pendidikan Islam. Profetika: Jurnal Studi Islam, 18(1), 36–47. https://doi.org/10.23917/profetika.v18i1.7690
Najmi, N., & Ofianto, O. (2016). Perjuangan Pendidikan Kartini vs Rahmah El Yunusiyyah bagi Perempuan Indonesia: Sebuah Pendekatan Historis dan Kultural. Jurnal Sejarah Dan Budaya, 10(1), 75–83. https://journal.um.ac.id/index.php/sejarah-dan-budaya/article/view/5917
Nararosa. (2010). Avatar Keadilan, Pesona Kebajikan Maharatu Shima dari Negeri Kalingga (Ajaran Kebenaran sebagai Budi Pekerti). Diva Press.
Pramudawardhani, I., & Estiana, E. (2019). Perjuangan dan Pemikiran RA Kartini tentang Pendidikan Perempuan. Keraton: Journal of History Education and Culture, 1(1), 41–55. http://journal.univetbantara.ac.id/index.php/Keraton/article/view/322
Pratiwi, T. A., & Hudaidah, H. (2021). Pemikiran Kartini mengenai Pendidikan Perempuan. Edukatif: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 3(2), 562–568. https://www.edukatif.org/index.php/edukatif/article/view/386
Pratiwi, R., Wardhani, W. N., Pambudi, B., & Kusumawati, I. R. (2022). Keunikan Lokal di Desa Global: Wisata Heritage di Tempur Jepara. Masyarakat Berdaya dan Inovasi, 3(1), 11–18. https://www.mayadani.org/index.php/MAYADANI/article/view/89
Ruthven, K. K. (1990). Feminist Literary Studies: an Introduction. Cambridge University Press.
Said, N. (2016). Politik Etis Kepahlawanan ra kartini: menguak spiritualisme kartini yang digelapkan. Palastren: Jurnal Studi Gender, 7(2), 345–368. https://journal.iainkudus.ac.id/index.php/Palastren/article/view/1022
Santiko, H. (2015). Dua Dinasti di Kerajaan Matarām Kuna: Tinjauan Prasasti Kalasan. Jurnal Sejarah dan Budaya, 7(2), 1–7. http://journal.um.ac.id/index.php/sejarah-dan-budaya/article/view/4741
Saraswati, U. (2016). Kuasa Perempuan dalam Sejarah Indonesia Kuna. Jurnal Sejarah dan Budaya, 10(1), 112–120. http://journal.um.ac.id/index.php/sejarah-dan-budaya/article/view/5923
Sapardi, S. (2020). Pandangan Buddhisme tentang Peran Wanita. Jurnal Ilmiah Kampus: Sati Sampajanna, 11(1), 1–11. http://www.journal.stabn-sriwijaya.ac.id/SATI/article/view/311
Sedyawati, E., Santiko, H., Djafar, H., Maulana, R., Ramelan, W. D. S., & Ashari, C. (2013). Candi Indonesia: seri Jawa: Indonesian-English (Vol.1). Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan.
Shrewsbury, C. M. (1997). What is Feminist Pedagogy? Women’s Studies Quarterly, 25(1/2), 166–173. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40005427.
Suhartono, W. A. (2019) Perubahan Agama Budha Jawi Wisnu ke Agama Hindu di Mojokerto 1952-1967. Avatara: e-Journal Pendidikan Sejarah, 7(1), 1–9. https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/avatara/article/view/27420
Sukmono. (1981). Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 2. Kanisius.
Susanto, D. (2022). Pandangan Pengarang terhadap Perempuan dalam Cerpen Tahun 1950-1960-an Karya Pengarang Peranakan Tionghoa-Indonesia. Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pengajarannya, 5(4), 883–896. https://doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v5i4.526
Sutrisno, S. (2000). Kartini: Surat-Surat kepada Ny. RM Abendanon Mandri dan Suaminya. Djambatan.
Syafrizal, A. (2015). Sejarah Islam Nusantara. Islamuna, 2(2), 236–253. https://ejournal.iainmadura.ac.id/index.php/islamuna/article/view/664
Taylor, J. S. (1976). Raden Ajeng Kartini. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 1(3, Part 1), 639–661. https://doi.org/10.1086/493247
Taylor, J. G. (1989). Kartini in Her Historical Context. Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land-en Volkenkunde, (2/3de Afl), 295–307. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27864034
Tong, R. (2007). Feminist thought in Transition: Never a Dull Moment. The Social Science Journal, 44(1), 23–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2006.12.003
Wardani, A. K., & Geleuk, M. B. (2020). Ketidakadilan Gender pada Pernikahan dalam “Perempuan Patah Hati yang Kembali Menemukan Cinta Melalui Mimpi” Karya Eka Kurniawan. Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pengajarannya, 3(3), 229–242. https://doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v3i3.52
Wibidharma, W. (2022). Putri Kalingga. Garudawaca.
Wijaya, A., Harianto, J., & Wong, M. (2021). Kajian Agama Buddha tentang Perlindungan Perempuan. Dhammavicaya: Jurnal Pengkajian Dhamma, 4(2), 49–55. https://doi.org/10.47861/dv.v4i2.32
Wiyono, J., & Sunarto, S. (2016). Pemanfaatan Potensi Wilayah Semenanjung Muria Bagian Utara Kabupaten Jepara dengan Pendekatan Geoekologi. Jurnal Bumi Indonesia, 5(1), 1–11. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/223006-pemanfaatan-potensi-wilayah-semenanjung.pdf